The Impact of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Energy Research Paper

The Impact of the Arab Spring on Egypt's Energy - Research Paper Example Interest in oil creation is basic to both political and financial soundness of the Arab nations. Key players in the oil business for the most part esteem political steadiness since it directs the connection between the worldwide players and the delivering nations. For example, the connection among BP and political system of the expelled Egypt President Mubarak was basic to the endurance of the organization in Egypt. Much of the time, the political impact of a nation characterized a connection between the nation and the worldwide players. Strategies concocted the oil delivering nations don't just impact the creation oil and gas in this nations yet in addition impact its gracefully in the universal market. The political foundation of most Arab nations get its financing from oil as the major monetary asset. In any case, a few nations get their accounts from exchange and work asset, which dispatches subsidizes that help these nations. The gracefully of exchange things this area relies upon political altruism or global governmental issues (Youngs 136). Accordingly, the insecure political structure is defenseless to challenges since it needs legitimate structures that could impact advantageous economic alliance in the universal scene. The Arab Spring is a danger to local mix and comparable collaboration. World monetary report bunches the Arab nations as intensely dependent on oil exchange. Since the Arab nations enjoyed the changes, they have enrolled financial droop, calling for global guide and helpful guide. Preferably, the spring has crushing impacts of the political structures that are significant to the advancement of the countries. Spectators have commented on the utilization slants in the worldwide market just as the national market and noticed an adjustment in pattern in the utilization of the oil and oil items. Fundamentally, the utilization patterns owe a ton on the worldwide legislative issues as characterized by arrangements that make and advance the universal connection (Prausello 166). For example, the move by the worldwide network to step up the war against Libyan president means that impact of political connection corresponding to the Arab spring. It implies that the danger made in the political structures of these countries would have destroying sway on the development just as exchange among these nations and the world. Local Consumption in Egypt Arab nations are driving different nations on the planet in oil creation. In 2005, Arab oil remained at 59% of the financial oil creation of world, while the creation of monetary gases remained at 35.8% of the all out world creation (BP Statistical Review 15). The amount of oil that Arab nations took to

Topics to be Investigated Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subjects to be Investigated - Research Paper Example An Evaluation of the Extent to Which Social, Economic, and Environmental Factors Influence the Process of Waste Disposal Squander removal is a procedure that includes bunch exercises and furthermore welcomes on board various partners that assume various jobs. Social, monetary, and ecological elements are the possible basic viewpoints that impact squander removal and the executives. While the exercises, partners, and persuasive components are known, the degree to which these variables impact the procedure of waste removal is major to survey, assess and in this way find. The operational connection between the exercises, partners, and persuasive factors in the process are questionable or obscure, making important to find this relationship. Research issue: Social, monetary, and natural variables impact squander removal forms, yet the size and degree of this impact should be inquired about. Outlook changes in the Use of Alternative Green Energy Sources in Combating Climate Change Environmental change has constantly become a worldwide issue, with the patterns in a dangerous atmospheric devation and environmental change, as a rule, demonstrating a throughout the years increment. This has raised the requirement for the elective utilization of efficient power vitality sources so as to attempt to switch the contemporary patterns in environmental change. The change in outlook from the utilization of contamination vitality sources to the utilization of environmentally friendly power vitality sources in battling environmental change is a basic part of finding. This follows the way that the replacement of elective wellsprings of vitality is actually questionable.

Congratulations, new Illini!

Congratulations, new Illini! I know that Im a few days late, but I just wanted to say congratulations to the newly admitted Illini! I remember being super happy when I found out that I would not only be attending the University of Illinois, but living in the Beckwith program at Nugent Hall (Ill do a post on Beckwith sometime)! I can only imagine how excited you guys must be I hope youve enjoyed celebrating your big accomplishment! As the semester progresses and Spring time comes, please comment if you have questions for me. I remember wondering a lot about what Illinois  would be like shortly before I came here. Also, remember to really enjoy whatever it is youre doing now! Plenty of amazing times at Illinois  await, and theyll come before you know it! So, have fun with what youve got going on now, and get exited about your future with the people you love! Sarah Class of 2018 I'm from Grand Rapids, Michigan. I'm majoring in Communication in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Congratulations, New Illini! First of all, congratulations to the class of 2022! You are the future of the University of Illinois, and we couldnt be more proud and honored to have you! Now you have a tough decision to make: Which college should you choose?  Rather than persuade you with statistics, Im going to let my experience do the talking. All through high school, I swore I would never attend the University of Illinois. I did not want to be so close to home, and I wanted to break the mold. Everyone at my high school went to the University of Illinois. Sound familiar? Photo from Rachel Hernandez It took one visit to realize I was home; I was where I belonged. My freshman year, I had two major feats. First, I wanted to switch majors. Second, I needed a job. Thanks to the College of Education, switching majors was easy. I simply talked to my advisor and completed a few forms. Within a few days, I had switched from elementary education to middle grades education. This experience taught me to be fearless in changing my career choice, and that the wonderful professors and advisors at the university would support me through it all. When I decided to apply for jobs on campus, I was given so many resources and options. The university wants to equip its students with the tools to succeed, and they are willing to go the extra mile to make sure you get there. I posted on the class Facebook page, and my peers had great suggestions for places to look for work. I also looked at the Career Center on campus, where the staff and student workers were incredibly helpful. Photo from Rachel Hernandez The takeaway is short and simple; The University of Illinois and the Champaign-Urbana community will become your home away from home. The opportunities are endless, the research is inspiring, and the people are so kind. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions you may have! I would be more than happy to help! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

The Second Amendment Protects Citizens - 2347 Words

The US second amendment protects citizens’ right to keep and bear arms. This constitutional provision has brought forth positive and negative implications on social life in the US. The implication of the law is that every person deemed fit under the law is allowed to buy guns of all types and ammunition without limitation. This is a controversial concept in modern democracy. Guns are the cause of most violent crimes and lead to the death of millions around the world. Every war that has been fought in the 20th and 21st centuries has led to investments of billions in the development of better and more effective guns. Every modern conflict, regardless of the geographical location has been fueled by the availability of guns. Businesses that manufacture and sell guns in the US make billions in profits. These profits cannot possibly justify the millions of deaths around the world. The issue at hand has been the focus of news, social and political debate in the recent years. Gun control refers to the attempt by government to regulate the right to keep and bear arms based on a preconceived criterion. This debate has been due to prominent cases of mass gun violence, especially against civilians and children. Gun violence affects every American citizen. About 40% of all Americans carry or own licensed guns. This gives value to the issue and its implication on society. There has been an equal uproar on both sides of the debate. The issue at hand is the addition of measures toShow MoreRelatedBill of rights Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagespeople and protect their rights such as life, liberty, and property. The Constitution was created to make a stronger central government to protect the rights of its people. The Social Contract protects the natural rights of the citizens, but with the Constitution protecting every other rights. The writers intention of the Bill of Rights was to ensure the safety of citizens rights. Most amendments apply in daily life, but might not realize it. The First amendment, freedom of speech, amendment two, theRead MoreProtecting Life, Liberty, and Property in the Bill of Rights848 Words   |  4 Pagesto serve people and protect their rights such as life, liberty, and property. â€Å" The Constitution had no effect against the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution was created to make a stronger central government to protect the rights of its people. The social contract protects the natural rights, while the Constitution protects every other rights, like adding an extra layer of protection. The writers intention of the Bill of Rights was to ensure the safety of citizens rights without themRead MoreThe Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof rights entitled, The Bill of Rights. In The Bill of Rights, citizens of the U.S. are given rights, amendments, that make the U.S a free country today. This system has provided many citizens with rights such as, allowing them to express their religion and free speech and protect their privacy with no officials is allowed to search someone s belongings unless there is a warrant that states reason. There are many more amendments besides the two listed and each of them are of equal importanceRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1318 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to protect the rights of U.S. citizens. Moreover, these changes have occurred by much insistence and court cases from the people. Out of these changes, civil rights and civil liberties have erupted in order to protect the lives of citizens even more. Who we are as citizens of the United States can be characterized by the concept of civil rights and civil liberties, the idea that the constitution protects the major rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights, marginalized groups, the second amendmentRead MoreSecond Amendment Validity And Today s View1068 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Amendment Validity and Today’s View Although there are many people against the Second Amendment, one must understand that the constitution of the United States recognizes and safeguards rights that profoundly exist in the Bill of Rights. Does the second Amendment continued to be valid today? The answer is quite simple: yes, it does. Civilian or militia does no need to protect themselves from the government, since the government has strong armed forces to protect the state and the federal governmentRead MoreIs The Second Amendment A Threat?1498 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda Ward Term Paper Is The Second Amendment In Danger? The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution is the amendment of the United States Bill of Rights that protects the right to keep and bear arms. The amendment clearly states that a well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. This means that citizens of the United States shall be able to carry firearms within reason to do so, whenRead MoreThe 2nd Amendment Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second Amendment Most people would link violence and crime problems with gun control in America. The debate that Americans face today is the freedom the Second Amendment gives citizens and whether or not the country should repeal it. While some people feel that repealing it should solve the problem, others believe that it is one of the most important basic freedoms we have as Americans. Federal gun control laws are unconstitutional, and I believe the Second Amendment is both an individualRead MoreSecond Amendment Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most highly debated amendments of the United States Constitution is the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment has been disputed for hundreds of years on exactly of its exact true meaning. The United States Constitution wrote the Second Amendment as â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The argument that has lasted for centuries begins with the first part â€Å"A well regulated militia†Read More Amendments to the Constitution Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pageschanging countries and their citizens. Our country was in a whirlwind of change in 1789 as people were experiencing freedom from the tyranny of England for the first time in their lives. Our country was being molded and formed into a great nation by the founding fathers. Expectations and rules had to be set to protect the rights of the minorities and majorities. Amendments to the Constitution were written to ensure equality for all in changing times. The First Amendment is one of the most recognizedRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 PagesBill of Rights, at the time, consisted of 10 amendments; of these 10 comes one of the most controversial ones, the Second Amendment, which is the right for individuals to bear arms. This amendment was, and will continue to be one of the most controversial issues from the time of the ratification of the Constitution of the United States up to the 21st century. As a nation, there is still a battle between people who want to put restrictions on this amendment and people who believe that it should be left

Love, Life, and Death in The Fault In Our Stars by John Green

The Fault In Our Stars is an emotionally moving story about love, life and death. The Fault In Our Stars is about a girl named Hazel Grace. Hazel is 16, and forced by her parents to attend support group. At support group Hazel meets Augustus. They become friends, and share their favorite books with each other. Hazel shares her favorite book An Imperial Fliction, and they both wonder about the unsolved ending. Hazel and Augustus fall in love, and go to Amsterdam together to visit the author of An Imperial Fliction. During the end of the trip Augustus informs hazel that his cancer has returned. After that the Fault In Our Stars ends with an unpredictable tragic ending. The central idea of The Fault In Our Stars is about facing obstacles in life and finding ways to overcome them. Hazel and Augustus both have cancer, but they don’t let it stop them from making the best out of their life. They keep moving forward no matter what life throws at them, and they find ways to cope with d espair. For example in chapter eight Hazel is upset, so she call Augustus, and tells him that she is upset because â€Å"I wants to go to Amsterdam, but I can’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, and because there is an old abandoned swing set in my yard that my father built for me†. Augustus notifies her that the swing set is 90 percent of the problem. They make a funny add to sell the swing set â€Å"Desperately Lonely Swing Set Needs Loving Home†. Throughout the entire story you will find that these friends stay close together in bothShow MoreRelatedEssay The Fault in Our Stars by John Green1722 Words   |  7 Pages In John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars, cancer possess every character in distinctive ways, yet this isn’t the standard cancer book, because according to the protagonist, â€Å"cancer books suck† (Green 3). Or as Gwynne Ellen Ash views the novel as a, â€Å"learning to trust, and to love, while dying [†¦] there is no sap here, no melodr ama, no maudlin schmaltz.† This is about being able to cope with existence. It’s the full human experience—filled with the lightheartedness of life and the darkness of cancerRead MoreThe Fault in Our Stars Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.† (Act 1. Scene 2. Julius Caesar.) This pensive line was the inspiration behind the title of John Green’s work of fiction, The Fault in Our Stars. The novel follows young Hazel Grace Lancaster, a stage 4 thyroid cancer patient, who makes the acquaintance of Augustus Waters one fateful day at Support Group. Throughout the novel, Hazel Grace takes not only a physical journey but an emotional one. The upsRead MoreThe Fault Of Our Stars By John Green1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fault in Our Stars, published by John Green in January 2012 is a professional, fictional narration of a sixteen year old girl named Hazel Grace Lancaster and her experience with terminal cancer. Hazel was prepared to die until a surgery followed by radiation and chemo at age fourteen shrunk her tumours and bought her a few more years of life. Hazel has a poor outlook on her remaining years with terminal cancer, she does not wish to form any close bonds due to the fact she is afraid of the impactRead MoreJohn Green s The Fault Of Our Stars931 Words   |  4 PagesAs a book selling over seven million copies, John Green’s The Fault In Our Stars is a must read for no other reason than that it swept the nation nearly immediately after being released to the public; however, there’s more. Featuring Hazel Grace Lancaster and Augustus Waters, cancer patients turned star-crossed lovers, The Fault In Our Stars gives readers an â€Å"infinite love story† through just a few hundred pages (Green 2012). Despite critically being tagged as a â€Å"chick flick† with â€Å"poor literaryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Fault In Our Stars873 Words   |  4 PagesLancaster is the narrator and protagonist of the immensely successful novel, The Fault in Our Stars, which is written by the prestigious author, John Green. The Fault in Our Stars follows Hazel, who is a teenage girl living with Thyroid Cancer. Throughout the course of the story, Hazel Grace Lancaster grows immensely as an individual. The reader can see her growth as well. By the end of the novel she learns that there is a life worth living despite her illness, that her illness does not define her andRead MoreTeen Cancer In John Greens The Fault In Our Stars1441 Words   |  6 Pagestalk about. People have a habit of imagining the very sick or the dying as being different. John Green wanted to argue that teens with cancer are just like any other teen. In order to get this point across, his subtlety made his cancer-ridden characters come to life in the format of a typical teen experience in his widely popular novel, The Fault in Our Stars. At one time, before he became a writer, Green was a chaplain at a children’s hospital. There he witnessed the kids as funny and bright, butRead MoreEssay on John Green6381 Words   |  26 Pagesheard and teaching society history in his website kn own as â€Å"Crash Course†. The author, John Green, has made an impact on his readers by expressing life changing themes in his works along with how his life impacted his work and lasting contributions. John Green, an awe-inspiring author born on August 24th, 1977. He was primarily raised in walking distance of Disney World in Orlando, Florida. After high school, John resided in Ohio and graduated from Kenyon College in 2000 with a double major in EnglishRead MoreContemporary Young Adult Fiction : The Fault Of Our Stars And My Sister s Keeper3529 Words   |  15 Pagesthe current times. This genre of novels is normally seen as more appealing to teenage girls because of the constant presentation and treatment of romance and death as topics of choice for authors of the genre. Two notable authors in this genre are John Green and Jodi Picoult, the authors of the two novels of exploration: The Fault in Our Stars and My Sister’s Keeper, respectively. The contemporary young adult fiction genre has a story line that highlights the characters and their development more thanRead MoreThe Fault In Our Stars Character Analysis973 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Conflict is the beginning of consciousness.† - M. Esther Harding The Fault in Our Stars is a novel written by John Green that displays various conflicts including self vs self, man vs man, and self vs society. Similarly, â€Å"Macbeth†, the Salem Witch Trials, and the Short Story - â€Å"Borders† contain the same forms of conflicts present in the novel. Conflict is a natural social occurrence that develops when individuals are forced to change as they grow as a person. Each of these stories see a personRead MoreA Tragic Loss or Illness: A Common Theme in Literature1030 Words   |  4 Pagesones? Unfortunately everyday people pass away tragically or found out life-changing news. We are forced to act upon these events with no say in the matter. In life we come across events like these that shape who we are today. While most people grieve for a period of time, they also come close to the ones they love. The idea of losing someone without saying goodbye scares people. They take that opportunity to tell the ones they love what they reall y feel. Relationships grow stronger and new bonds are

All About Ross Short Essay Samples

All About Ross Short Essay Samples Definitions of Ross Short Essay Samples You must find the correct resources for your essay together with patience when finding the correct inspiration to write. Writing a great essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. You might have heard of something referred to as a thesis. Based on the goal, you will know what thesis to contemplate, what writing methods to use, and the way to visualize research in your paper. The objective of your essay is defined by the kind of paper you're writing. In reality, plenty of argumentative essays are in fact persuasive papers. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Writing an essay, or some other paper for this matter, isn't just writing. The additional information you outline, the simpler it is going to be to organize all the thoughts while writing. If for some reason you're expected to write 250 words minimum, you can produce the essay longer by sprinkling in a couple of additional words. If you're predicted to select your own subject, then the very first step is to define the aim of your essay. As soon as you've decided on an expository essay topic, you will likely need several strategies about how to organize the procedure for writing. When picking a high school essay format, step one is to spot the kind of essay you want to write. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. Ross Short Essay Samples Secrets Many poorly crafted essays are produced on account of a scarcity of preparation and confidence. If you cannot locate a way to fit supporting evidence in only a couple of sentences, utilize a different example altogether. The aim is to take a particular position on the subject. Regardless of what's the point of your essay, there's a preset number of points you will be expected to handle. Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. Therefore don't compose the one which you think they would like to read write the one which you care most about. Ross Short Essay Samples and Ross Short Essay Samples - The Perfect Combination Services where you are able to discover expert essay writer online are popular among the. A conclusion is, without doubt, the most significant portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the fantastic impression or destroy it entirely. The previous matter to observe is the way to compose a conclusion for an expository essay. What You Must Know About Ross Short Essay Samples You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. If you concentrate on how, are always going to have enough to write about. Several alternative logical structures for essays are visualized as diagrams, making them simple to implement or ada pt in the building of an argument. Things You Should Know About Ross Short Essay Samples On exactly the same note, it may be an examination or analysis of a certain issue, based on expository essay topics you may choose. Just since there are two forms of thesis statements (informative and persuasive), there are two fundamental styles you may use. There are particular topics that require a whole lot of room for explanation, so take care not to opt for a topic for your essay that will require an excessive amount of evidence to support. Please be aware that the above list is merely an example for you to get a better knowledge of an expository essay, don't hesitate to invent something of your own! What You Don't Know About Ross Short Essay Samples In most instances, your assignment includes clear guidelines on the variety of words or pages you're anticipated to write. Students commonly mistake a conclusion paragraph for a summary paragraph when, in reality, it's really a chance to drive home your argument. The main element which produces a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. Decide what you would like to convey in your essay and place it into words. Make certain to read your essay and make certain it is logical. The argumentative essay is among the simplest sorts of essay you can possibly make. Every argumentative essay ought to depend on a topic that may be debated. A financial essay can begin with a thesis, or it may begin with a theme. You ought to make sure you remain on that 1 side during your whole essay. Your thesis is the very first thing which you should consider in your essay. To start with, you ought to think about the structure of your upcoming essay. The Nuiances of Ross Short Essay Samples Based on this, you will understand what arguments might get the job done for your essay. If you're new to writing argumentative essays, there are a couple of vital factors which you can learn that may help you compose a far better argumentative essay. Bear in mind that a brief essay ought to have all the exact same components as a bigger essay, but in less space. High school essay examples incorporate a number of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. A quick essay can often end up being harder to write than a lengthier essay. Writing an incredible essay on technology does not need to be difficult. A writer may hasten the process by ordering a comprehensive homework solution online. One of the fundamental tasks of the application essay is to follow along with the directions. It's very useful to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. While attempting to learn how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another crucial activity.

Member of the Wedding free essay sample

The Member of The Wedding, Carson Muscles Mall Characters: Frankie Addams Is a twelve year old who In the middle of a sexual and emotional awakening. She feels totally Isolated and disconnected from the world all around her. She isnt a member of any clique or group, because of this she becomes obsessed with the fact that she is going to be a member of her brother Jarvis wedding. Frankie puts all her hopes in dreams into this one event and plans to make. Connection with another group of people, and to disconnect herself from being only again.Getting away from childhood is a hard task for her and she has trouble with it, she tries to make changes on the outside to get a better impression but that is a fail. Her biggest struggle is getting over somethings that relate to being a female adult like getting her menstruation cycle and sex, Frankie Is extremely ignorant when it comes to these two subjects. We will write a custom essay sample on Member of the Wedding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My first Impression of Frankie is that someone needs to teach her how to grow up. Setting: ;2. 0;. Frankie Addams is a 12 year old living in the American south in 1944.Summary: Frankie Addams is a young 12 year old living in the American South, the book is about her main frustration with feeling like she doesnt belong as a member in any group and that shes disconnected from the world all around her. She is the daughter of a Jeweler and a mom who died during child birth. She spends most of her time being obsessed with her brothers wedding. Frankie tries to find unity with other people and this causes major conflict In the story.When Frankie tries to grow p and become apart of the adult world she notices that there Is some stuff she doesnt Like about the adult world. One major thing she didnt like Is that married couples only include two;o people which makes her not apart of her dream of being a threesome with Jarvis and Janice. Bernice helped Frankie understand what she needed to know about the adult world and some of the struggles of being an adult. My favorite passage was Bernice tells of a couple she knows in which a woman fell in love with a man who later had a sex change. Hat was my favorite because it was so funny. My first impression was to laugh. Conclusion: | liked the ending of the story because It kind of gave some insight on how Frankie matured a little, I wouldnt change the end. Member of the Wedding By Barbarian Main Characters: Frankie Addams is a twelve year old who in the middle of a sexual and emotional awakening. She feels totally isolated and disconnected from the world all adult like getting her menstruation cycle and sex, Frankie is extremely ignorant when it comes to these two subjects.My first impression of Frankie is that someone needs Setting: Frankie Addams is a 12 year old living in the American south in 1944. Other people and this causes major conflict in the story. When Frankie tries to grow up and become apart of the adult world she notices that there is some stuff she doesnt like about the adult world.

The Role Of The Church In Medieval Society Essays - Middle Ages

The Role Of The Church In Medieval Society The medieval period was at the very best a down period for civilization. Though not completely without advancement or good points, the period certainly lacked the credibility that other periods of time held in terms of enhancing the overall good of mankind. The Christian church, was certainly a primary force in the lack of success during this period. Owning almost ninety percent of all land, and ruling over the majority of the population with little compassion, the church, and the related nobility did little to quell social problems, and even less to foster learning and intellectuality. As a result, the church was responsible for the majority, if not all of the problems that arose during the medieval period. Evidence of the medieval period being very bad for man can be seen throughout many aspects of medieval society. Take for instance, the level of intellectual thinking during the period. Something, which flourished during the rise of the Roman Empire, but seemed to fall off the face of the earth after its collapse. The problems lied in the church, as the only people trained to read and write properly were monks and high officials of the church, who were locked away behind the walls of the church. Essentially the church limited intellectuality to those who it felt it could trust. If a peasant were to think for himself, thought the church, who knows what could happen to the hierarchy that we cherish. The lack of intelligence among the peasants was clear. Take for instance, the mapping system of the period. Though accurate maps were available, the church put out maps that were not accurate, and told the public they were true. And the public believed. There was however some advancement in technology, but most of it can be linked directly to the church. An example of this was in the area of architecture, where medieval architects took the art of cathedral building to a new level. Though not as stunning a jump as there was during the renaissance period in terms of architecture, some credit must be given to the middle ages as far as its ability to build cathedrals, as many still stand today. Similarly, tools, which became mainstays during the middle ages are still used today, and must thus be recognized as advancements for the middle ages. One example is the Lewis, which was a common masonry tool that has not changed from its medieval form at all even in the current day. Thus, while the Middle Ages were a mostly stagnant time in terms of technology and intellectual thinking, there was some advancement, though clearly linked to the church serving personal gains. Like the repression of technology and intellectual thinking, the hypocrisy of the Christian church also stood out during this period. Church officials were hypocritical about many things, which lead to an unbalanced unfair society, something that is never good for mankind. For example, while the church felt that everyone should be a member and worship Christ, it limited its officials to only those who could afford to buy themselves into a proper office. Likewise, the church spoke out vocally against taking advantage of people for personal gain, and yet, the church was probably the guiltiest party with regard to this during the medieval period. Claiming that a place in heaven can be assured by a monetary donation, or penance received by going to the middle east to kill Muslims for a holy war seems to at best stretch the beliefs of Christianity. Yet, the church took advantage of its power and in doing so showed its hypocritical tendencies. Thus, it was clear that there was much hypocri sy from the church during this time period. As a result of a clearly church dominated society, the level of economic growth was stopped. While there was some movement from one official to the next, it was very hard, if not impossible for one person to gain a foothold in society. Very often, the church owned everything, save what the nobility had protected via military force. As one can guess this is not conducive to a particularly stellar economic record, as this type of lack of movement

Free Essays on The Awakening

In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, the main character, has three important men in her life. All of whom she looks at differently and has different emotions for. Throughout her life Edna feels the need for attention from all men. This explains why she marries Leonce Pontellier, her deep feelings for Robert Leburn, and her sexual affairs with Alcee Arobin. Because her husband spends most of his time away from home on business trips, Edna is left with a great deal of time for herself. Leonce spends little time worrying about family matters. He constantly criticizes Edna and only cares about money and his own reputation. Edna knows she need to be with Leonce for his financial support and stability. Edna is not sure if she is in love with him or if she has ever been. She slowly grows to despise Leonce. Robert Leburn, with whom Edna falls in love with, has a history of being very close to married women. With Edna his feelings are different. He is very devoted to her, and she loves him in return. Though they wish to be together they know that society frowns against it. Edna’s deep love for Robert pushes her further and further away from her husband and children. She longs to be with Robert but knows that it would be frowned upon by others who know them. Edna has a love affair with Alcee Arobin. He has the reputation of a â€Å"ladies man†. Alcee enjoys flirting with women, especially married women. Even though Edna does have sexual relations with Alcee, she does not love him. She had fun with Alcee. There were no strings attached because they did not love each other. All three of these men men played different roles in Edna’s heart. Edna had money and support from Leonce, love from Robert, and sexual relations with Alcee. Her flirty ways made her fall in love with the only man she should have been with all along, Robert Leburn.... Free Essays on The Awakening Free Essays on The Awakening In Kate Chopin’s novel, â€Å"The Awakening†, a confused middle age woman deals with a torn heart in the center . Edna, who is not really in love with her husband, begins to have mixed feelings and, as a result, begins to realize who she truly is. Edna feels that something is lacking in her life. The author uses the ocean to personify and symbolize what is missing in Edna’s lifethe love of a man and freedom of the soul. On several occasions Chopin uses the sea as a personification of Edna’s longing for the love of a man. Although Edna is married, she does not have the feelings for her husband, which coincide with being in love. In one example, Chopin describes the sea: â€Å"The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude, to lose itself in mazes of contemplation† (13). The sea calls to Edna: â€Å"The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace† (13). Chopin is describing the sea as though it was a man with whom Edna is in love and for whom she feels a strong attraction, not just someone she can make love to but someone she can loose herself in. Later, the young man, Robert Lebrun, who is stirring up all these feelings in Edna, asks her if she is going swimming; she answers him no and tells him she is too tired. Chopin describes Edna’s actions afterwards: â€Å"Her glance wandered from his face away toward the Gulf, whose sonorous murmur reached her like a loving but imperative entreaty† (12). Chopin is projecting Edna’s feelings for Robert, whether Edna is conscious of these feelings or not, onto the sea because a part of Edna does want to go swimming with him. Edna also has a strong need for freedom and Chopin, with respect to Edna’s character, makes reference to the sea to express this need. On one occasion, Edna and Madame Ratignolle, her... Free Essays on The Awakening Every step which she took toward relieving herself from obligations added to her strength and expansion as an individual† (93) The Awakening by Kate Chopin introduces the reader to the life of Edna Pontellier, a woman with an independent nature, searching for her true identity in a patriarchal society that expects women to be nothing more than devoted wives and nurturing mothers. In this paper I will describe Edna’s journey of self-discovery and explain why her struggle for independence is no easy task. I will also discuss the relationship Edna has with two other main women characters and describe how these women conform or rebel against a society with many social constraints. Finally I will discuss how the issues brought up in Chopin’s novel are still relevant today. The Journey The Awakening begins in the vacation spot of Grand Isle. At first we believe that Grand Isle is a utopia, wealthy families relaxing at oceanside, but it is here where Edna first begins to realize her unhappiness. The first sign of dissatisfaction is when Edna allows herself to feel that her marriage is unsatisfying; yet she must agree with the other women that Leonce Pontellier is the perfect husband. Edna can now ask herself if she has a good husband and is not happy than should marriage be a component of her life. Edna has two close relationships with other males in the book but both prove unsatisfying, and a block to her independence. The first relationship is with Robert Lebrun. They swim, they chat on the porch and offer each other companionship. This is a flirtatious relationship; a relationship similar to those Robert has had previous summers with other married women; but different because Edna, being a â€Å"foreigner† allows herself to take Robert seriously and she falls in love with him. This proves tragic because during the course of the novel the two will pine for each other but Robert not wanting to mar his reputation as a â€Å"gentleman† move... Free Essays on The Awakening The Awakening The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, tells the story of a woman, Edna Pontellier, who undergoes a transformation from an obedient housewife to a person who is alive with strength, character, and emotions that she no longer has to repress. This metamorphosis is shaped by her surroundings. Just as her behavior is more shocking and horrifying because of her position in Grande Isle society, it is that very position which causes her to feel restrained and makes her yearn to rebel. Adele Ratignolle is Edna’s close friend and confidante. However, the two women are nothing alike. Adele is the perfect housewife and mother, and the epitome of what a Creole woman should be. Adele lives her life for her children, always being sure that they are properly cared for, clothed, and educated. Unlike Adele, whose life is fulfilled through loving and caring for her children; Edna is â€Å"fond of her children in an uneven, impulsive way.† Nevertheless, her children are not enough to justify her life. Adele cannot understand hoe Edna could say that she â€Å"[will] never sacrifice herself to her children, or for anyone.† Edna’s being is taken on a new importance in her life. She is starting to realize just how important it is to be true to herself. She goes along with the way things are supposed to be, holds her socials, and tends to her house until she becomes aware that she needs more from her life. Also, Edna’s marriage to Leonce is safe , but there is no passion or excitemen! t. She simply â€Å"[grows] fond of her husband, realizing with some unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passion or excessive and fictitious warmth color her affection.† While this lack of emotion is enough to satisfy Edna for the majority of her marriage, after she begins to allow her true self to come forth, she feels trapped and seeks a way to escape. She realizes that she need dot fit the mold of the typical Creole woman. Her lifestyle suffocate... Free Essays on The Awakening The Awakening by Kate Chopin In her novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin is an artist who paints a picture for readers with every word for example:"The sun was low in the west, and the breeze was soft and languorous that came up from the south, charged with the seductive odor of the sea." (Page 12) The inclusion of such alluring and dramatic images allows readers to see, hear, feel, smell, and live in the scene which she creates. Chopin writes to awaken senses, and her style is beautiful and unique. As if stroking a paint brush across a canvas, or playing a note on the piano, Chopin’s use of expressive, descriptive, and poignant writing is evident throughout this novel, thus adding to its overall effect. Chopin incorporates a number of images and emotional phrases which reflect the beauty of her writing. A recurring image throughout this novel is that of the sea: "The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude, to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation. The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace." ( Page 13) Chopin gives us the ability to feel the sentiments of her characters as they wander along the shore. We can hear the soft crashes of the waves and smell the sweet, cool odor of the sea. Chopin allows us to feel the warmth and serenity that Edna feels towards the ocean. The sea is a place of comfort and contentment for Edna. Chopin uses adjectives such as "seductive" and "whispering" to illustrate this. Compelling lines such as the aforementioned are not lacking within the work. In each chapter Chopi n writes with a flowing, descriptive style that allows a reader to be affected by her words:"It was the first kiss of her life to which her nature had really responded. It was a flaming torch that kindled desire." (Page 83) Chopin does not simply wri... Free Essays on The Awakening Life Is A Dream Response To The Awakening â€Å"The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting, the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation.† The Awakening, Kate Chopin That summer at Grand Isle changed her life forever. The sea, the people, the atmosphere in general all gave way to Edna Pontellier’s â€Å"awakenings.† In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, Edna undergoes a process of serious self-examination into her life as a mother, wife, and a woman stuck under the pressures of high society. These awakenings all seem to focus around Edna’s search to find her soul underneath the shrouds of formality and her roles in society. In addition, Edna seems to focus around the idea that her life is a dream, an illusion before her summer at Grand Isle. The idea of the soul plays a very important part in the novel. Edna is constantly distracted by frequent bouts of â€Å"inward contemplation.† Early on in the novel Edna recognizes that she has lived â€Å"a small life all within herself† (Chopin, 35). She knows she has let herself conform, but she also finds herself questioning life and her existence. Grand Isle was the place where these private inhibitions began to stir and wrap around her interest like â€Å"foamy wavelets [curling] like serpents around her ankles† (301). These serpent-like wavelets, this temptation, take her on a journey into her soul. One night at Grand Isle, Edna decides to stay outside on the hammock until late. This decision upsets her husband, Leonce- Edna is a fragile being and needs rest- according to him. But this resistance does not faze Edna. Instead she resists her husband’s request to go inside. This stirs something in her; â€Å"[she] began to feel like one who awakens gradually out of a dream, a delicious, grotesque, impossible dream, to feel again the realities pressing int... Free Essays on The Awakening According to literary critic, Michael Gilmore, Edna commits suicide as a way out of the society she was entrapped in. He says, â€Å"She can find no room for her newly awakened self in the present social system†¦there is no way for the world she inhabits to accommodate the change in her.† The society of Grand Isle places towering expectations on the women to become men’s property devote a majority of their lives to their children. Edna Pontellier is sourouded by what she declares the â€Å"mother-women†, women who â€Å"idolized their children, worshipped their husbands, and esteemed it to a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals.† Every aspect of her life contributes to the portrayal of the image she cannot ensue; Her husband, lovers, children, and friends all directly contribute to Edna’s tragic demise. Kate Chopin explains that it isn’t that Edna neglects her children, but rather she abandons her mother-woman image. Edna attempts to explain her outlook when she says, â€Å"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money; I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn't give myself. I can't make it more clear; it's only something I am beginning to comprehend, which is revealing itself to me.† This attitude specificly contrasts the mother-woman idea of self-sacrificing for your husband and children. Also, the '†something . . . which is revealing itself† does not become completely clear to Edna herself until just before the end, when she does indeed give her life, but not her self for her children's sake. Just as Edna’s rapport with her children deducted from her sense of self, so too did her relationship with her husband, Leonce. The Grand Isle society defines the role of wife as fully devoted and self-sacrificing to their husband. Edna didn’t fulfill societies definition. This is clear when the other ladies at Grand Isle â€Å"all declared that Mr. Pontellier was the best husband in the world.† A... Free Essays on The Awakening The Awakening: A Woman's Fight for Independence Right from the beginning the plot is almost conveniently evident. You find a woman, Edna Pontellier, tired of living her life as a pampered and "owned" wife and mother. She is searching for much more in her life, some sort of meaning for her whole existence. She searches for a long time but in the end, the inevitability of her life's pattern and direction wraps around her, suffocating her. She is overcome with wonder, confusion, and guilt for what she believes and what she does to express her beliefs. She finally finds a way to beat the "proper" 1890's lifestyle by committing suicide. During this story Edna struggles with three main opposing powers. First, there is the society's opinion of what a woman's "roles" in life was and how they should act, look, and feel. Second, is her independent nature. The last opposing power she comes across is her undying love for the charming Robert Lebrun. It is the unwritten rule that a woman should marry, have children, and be happy and content with that as their life. Society portrays this to be a woman's rightful job and duty. A woman should act and look "proper" at all times. This is what Edna is fighting against in this novel. She feels that, though many women agree with this "known" rule, it isn't fair. For six years Edna conforms to these ideas by being a "proper" wife and mother, holding Tuesday socials and going to operas, following the same enduring schedule. It is only after her summer spent at Grand Isle that her "mechanical" lifestyle becomes apparent to her. She sees how much she is unhappy with the expectations, held by society, of her life and she wishes to erase them and live her life as she wants. Edna has an independent, almost self centered, nature about her. Her need for an uncontrolled lifestyle is what leaves her feeling "owned" and wanting to break that label; she fights to do as ... Free Essays on The Awakening Music as one of the main themes in The Awakening: How do different characters perceive music? The Awakening by Kate Chopin is a novel of intellectual, spiritual, and moral evolution, as well as a novel of artistic development. In this essay I would like to focus on the artistic side of the work and analyze the impact of art, and especially music, on the novel’s characters. My aim is to prove that music plays a key role in the novel and serves as the main instrument of Edna’s awakening. Edna Pontellier, the twenty-eight-year old wife of a New Orleans businessman, is the protagonist of the novel, the title of which refers to Edna’s development throughout the story. After a series of impulses, Edna realizes how dissatisfied she is in her role as a wife and mother and she begins to act upon her newly discovered wishes and passions. She, through a set of â€Å"awakenings† – experiences which enliven her suppressed emotional ego, works herself up to a state of total self-awareness, discovers her own identity, and pursues her emotional and sexual desires. Edna becomes a woman far too independent for the Victorian society and, in the end, finds that people who had lead her to that state left her to experience it solely by herself. As I have pointed out earlier, music has the greatest influence over Edna’s process of awakening. At the beginning of the novel, Chopin describes Edna Pontellier’s feelings and perceptions upon hearing music. Edna is described as having pictures and fantasies conjuring up in her head while listening to music. â€Å"Edna was what she herself called very fond of music. Musical strains, well rendered, had a way of evoking pictures in her mind. She sometimes liked to sit in the room of mornings when Madame Ratignolle played or practiced. [†¦] When she heard it there came before her imagination [†¦]† (Chopin, The Awakening) However, when Edna first listens to Mademoiselle Reisz play, she experiences ... Free Essays on The Awakening Drowning in a Sea of Freedom: Edna’s Representation of Feminism in The Awakening In The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, the author makes several political statements. Chopin acknowledges sexual issues as well as women’s rights. During a time period when the discussion of such topics was considered to be unacceptable, Chopin was assertive with the character of Edna Pontellier. Edna epitomized the feminist role of the strong-willed woman who no longer wanted to adhere to the boundaries of a society where she could not live freely as she had wanted. Edna found the limitations that were placed on her by society to be too restricting for her. Women in her day had very few options. It was often the backseat role of wife and mother that was most commonly enforced. Michael Ryan wrote, â€Å"The assumed norm in many societies is for women to be in charge of domestic labor and childrearing. . . .† (101). Edna found herself in this situation and was discontented by it. She did not desire to conform to the barriers that society placed around her. She was a unique, free spirit who had no right to practice the freedom she so desperately yearned for. Though many scholars view the character of Edna as female yearning to break free into her male-counterpart, as she truly felt she was, Edna can be viewed as a female who simply yearned for equal opportunity. Bringing into consideration theories pertaining to gender studies as well, she did not want to take on the role of a male, but rather wanted the same independence that the male was afforded. Edna’s â€Å"awakening† happened equally emotionally and physically, but both sexually to some extent. With Robert Lebrun, she experienced the emotional aspect of love and passion. With Arobin, she experienced the physical aspect of love and passion. But Arobin could not control Edna’s emotions and therefore she distanced herself from him so as not to become too emotionally attached. ... Free Essays on The Awakening When she published The Awakening in 1899, Kate Chopin startled her public with a frank portrayal of a woman’s social, sexual, and spiritual awakening. Her public disapproved of the novel because it told a particular truth without judgment or censure. The idea of a true autonomy for women, or more astoundingly yet, a single sexual standard for men and women, was too much to imagine. Kate Chopin’s presentation of the awakening of her heroine, Edna Pontellier, her unblinking recognition that respectable women did indeed have sexual feelings proved too strong for many who read her novel. The Awakening would mark the end of Chopin’s career: â€Å"The reading public was shocked by such a sympathetic view towards the actions and emotions of the sexually aware and independent female protagonist† (Burris 2). The Awakening is as much a portrait of society’s values as it is the protagonist, Edna. The first look we have at Edna’s life is her existence at Madame Lebrun’s summer home in Grand Isle. This setting is filled with those tangible items that we typically associate with family and traditional values. On the literary website â€Å"Symbols in The Awakening,† the setting is described as portraying a â€Å"women’s sphere†: â€Å"Porches and pianos, mothers and children, skirts and sunshades – all these are the props and properties of domesticity, the key elements of what in the nineteenth century was called â€Å"women’s sphere,† and it is in this sphere, on the edge of a blue gulf, that Edna Pontellier is securely caged when she first appears†¦She is confined in what is not only literally a â€Å"women’s sphere† but, symbolically speaking, the Woman’s House†¦ Every object and figure has not only a literal domestic function and a dreamlike symbolic radiance but a distinctively female symbolic significance† (Burris 1). Chopin has masterfully tucked other physical symbols into The Awakening: â€Å"A green and yellow ... Free Essays on The Awakening Tortuous Freedom The Awakening by Kate Chopin opens with the brash squawking of a parrot. â€Å"Go away! Go away! For god’s sake! That’s alright!† Although these opening words are few and may seem to have little significance, they come to represent the role Edna plays in society and the transformation she undergoes in her awakening. Edna’s awakening completely reshapes her thoughts, opinions and lifestyle, which eventually prove to be intoxicating and dreadful. At age 28 Edna comes to realize she is an individual. This marks the beginning of her awakening from a dream to life’s reality that is represented through many the choices she makes. Edna doesn’t comply with requests from Leonce, refusing to go to New York with him. She befriends both Mademoiselles Reisz and Ratignolle and proceeds to have an affair with Alcee Arobin while Robert was in New York. â€Å"Every step she took toward relieving herself of obligations added to her strength and expansion as an individual.† While Edna used her actions to grow personally, they eventually leave her in great distress, as she continues to love Robert, but he leaves her, leaving just a note reading, â€Å"I love you, goodbye, because I love you.† Edna’s solitude is intoxicating as it causes her to be unperceptive to other’s views. Mademoiselle Reisz says to Edna, â€Å"The bird that would soar above the level of plain tradition and prejudice must have strong wings. It is a spectacle to see the weaklings bruised, exhausted, fluttering back to earth.† This is a message that can be interpreted as a forewarning of the events at the end of the novel; Edna sees the bird flutter and fall into the sea just shortly before she herself swims out too far and drowns/commits suicide. Edna, however, does not comprehend Mademoiselle Reisz’s warning and is determined to eliminate any aspects of a typical housewife in her life, and â€Å"fly free†. Absolute freedom is what Edna really des... Free Essays on The Awakening At the beginning of The Awakening, Edna Pontellier alienates herself from society only on an emotional level. She felt as if â€Å"a certain light was beginning to dawn dimly within her, – the light which, showing the way, forbids it† (17). As the novel progresses, she voices her feelings and begins to put them into action. However, Edna must face the fact that her ideas are not socially acceptable. When Edna’s beliefs contradict those in her community, the community’s moral values are revealed by the society’s reactions to Edna’s role as a mother, her treatment of her husband, and her desire for other men. Edna’s behavior toward her children was viewed by society as being abnormal. She did not neglect her children, however her participation in their lives was unconcerned and apathetic. She would often leave them with a nanny, rather than take care of them herself. â€Å"She was fond of her children in an uneven, impulsive way. She would sometimes gather them passionately to her heart; she would sometimes forget them† (24). This contrasted the perfect motherly figure of her times. Madame Ratignolle is an example of this ideal motherly figure that devoted her life to her children. When Edna tells Madame Ratignolle that she would not sacrifice herself for her children, this stirs up â€Å"a rather heated argument; the two women did not appear to understand each other† (62). This shows how the society believes that a woman should give her life for her children. Mr. Pontellier is described as a typical ‘good’ husband and is viewed that way in society. He kisses his children and promises â€Å"to bring them back bonbons and peanuts† (4). Nevertheless, Edna would not agree with society’s views. She feels that Mr. Pontellier perceives her as a possession and does not spend adequate time with his family. Edna begins her development of her new, independent self when she disobeys her husband by refusing his reque... Free Essays on The Awakening In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, the main character, has three important men in her life. All of whom she looks at differently and has different emotions for. Throughout her life Edna feels the need for attention from all men. This explains why she marries Leonce Pontellier, her deep feelings for Robert Leburn, and her sexual affairs with Alcee Arobin. Because her husband spends most of his time away from home on business trips, Edna is left with a great deal of time for herself. Leonce spends little time worrying about family matters. He constantly criticizes Edna and only cares about money and his own reputation. Edna knows she need to be with Leonce for his financial support and stability. Edna is not sure if she is in love with him or if she has ever been. She slowly grows to despise Leonce. Robert Leburn, with whom Edna falls in love with, has a history of being very close to married women. With Edna his feelings are different. He is very devoted to her, and she loves him in return. Though they wish to be together they know that society frowns against it. Edna’s deep love for Robert pushes her further and further away from her husband and children. She longs to be with Robert but knows that it would be frowned upon by others who know them. Edna has a love affair with Alcee Arobin. He has the reputation of a â€Å"ladies man†. Alcee enjoys flirting with women, especially married women. Even though Edna does have sexual relations with Alcee, she does not love him. She had fun with Alcee. There were no strings attached because they did not love each other. All three of these men men played different roles in Edna’s heart. Edna had money and support from Leonce, love from Robert, and sexual relations with Alcee. Her flirty ways made her fall in love with the only man she should have been with all along, Robert Leburn....

Project Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Project Risk Management - Essay Example ting because there are number of inputs into the sample model that are unknown and one technique is to obtain the approximate estimate for each input. The Monte Carlo models and methods use the probability distribution of the inputs and generated random inputs. On the contrary, if the approach used is the probability distribution rather than using the best single estimate or the inputs, it is not that easy and often simply impossible (Pietersz, 2011, n.p.) Risk Assessment Process is defined as the process in which businesses, companies and organizations focus on vital and serious areas of concern and prioritize resources in order to maximize the response and recovery efforts (Michigan State University, 2004, n.p.). In addition, risk management plan will not be more effective and complete if risk response strategies are not suitable in developing the mitigating risks (Ahmed, Azhar & Panthi, 2007, n.p.). The risk response matrix grid is populated by a (+) and a (-) signs because it is very useful in making and finalizing a certain decisions. The Grid Analysis (+) sign describes the number of good or positive alternatives to select from and other factors to consider while the (-) sign is not clear and preferred another option to choose from (Manktelow, 2011, n.p.). Thus, I would prefer to use the Monte Carlo Method as it helps a lot in solving mathematical problems in a fast and easy manner. The (+) and (-) signs that are used in Risk Response Matrix contributes in making decisions confidently, clusters the good ideas from bad ones and lesser the time required when people are struggling to make decision. Ahmed, S.M., Azhar, S. & Panthi K. (2007). Risk Matrix as a Guide to Develop Risk Response Strategies, n.p. Retrieved on December 9, 2011 from http://ascpro0.ascweb.org/archives/cd/2007/paper/CPRT145002007.pdf. Michigan State University: School of Criminal Justice. (2004, February 25). Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) Process (n.p.). Retrieved on December 9, 2011 from

Critically assess whether a criminal justice system based on Essay

Critically assess whether a criminal justice system based on resolution and restoration would be more effective than the one based on punishment - Essay Example They need a second chance because many have not received even a first chance. Additionally, rehabilitation is by far the best option for them because of the way they would almost certainly be exploited and turned into hardened criminals if sent to prison. This paper will provide further background to the issue of rehabilitating juvenile offenders, and strongly argue that it is the right approach. The justice system fulfills an important symbolic function by establishing standards of conduct. It formally defines right and wrong for citizens and frees them from the responsibility of taking vengeance, thus preventing the escalation of feuds within communities. The system protects the rights of free citizens by honoring the principle that individual freedom should not be denied without good reason. Rehabilitation has as its objective the return of offenders to the community as cured and viable members of society. The rehabilitation efforts of the 1980s and 1990s were to a large extent unsuccessful. No program appeared to be any more effective in changing criminals than any other program, so a sizable portion of the people released from prison continued to return (Murphy 49). This led many to conclude that the best, and possibly only, alternative was simply to remove offenders from the community, precluding any further vexation and exploitation by them. Since criminals are though t to be more likely to commit crimes than those never convicted of a criminal act, it follows that some benefits will be derived from incarcerating convicted criminals. Incapacitation has the greatest potential as a method of crime control if it is a few hardened criminals who commit most crimes. If they can be identified, convicted, and incarcerated for long periods, a significant reduction in crime would be realized. Most advocates of punitive reform have this perspective on the criminal population. Blame for the majority

The Challenge of motivating employees

The Challenge of motivating employees Challenge of motivating employees Organization has been deemed to be the strength of any viable business. The more organized and efficient the different components in the business are, the better it functions. The breaking down of tasks associated with each component in a particular organizational system has now led to the concept of job design or performance charters. Motivation is simply a process which encourages and guides behavior. Robbins and Judge define motivation as, â€Å"the process that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal†. Motivation therefore, is a goal directed behavior with factors which energize, direct and sustain employee behavior. Laurie J. Mullins (2007) states that, â€Å"the relationship between the organization and its employees is influenced by what motivates them to work, the rewards involved and the fulfillment they derive from it†. Employees today are motivated by various things of which some are considered as a needed entity or as a desired. Worldwide, organizations have focused on theories that motivate employees to be the best they can be and most of these theories of motivation have proved to be true to date. Since motivational theories were formulated in the 1950s, they have been divided into two categories; Content theories Process theories Content theories are said to be, â€Å"what motivates people† further explained as what arouses, energizes, or simply starts behavior, i.e. individual physiological and psychological needs and this focus is on internal needs. Motivation results from an individuals attempts to satisfy these needs. 1. Maslows Hierarchy of needs states that; Adult motives are complex Needs form a hierarchy lower needs to be satisfied before higher order needs People always seek growth because they want to move up the hierarchy of needs Research evidence in the Maslows Hierarchy of need theories has been said to be; Flexible hierarchy of needs Satisfaction of one need level may not decrease its importance and increase importance of the next need level It has also been found that needs vary according to; The size of the organization A persons career stage Geographical location Across cultures By employing Maslows Hierarchy of needs, several managerial implications exist; Physiological needs food and wages Safety needs a working environment that is safe as well as job security Social needs opportunity to interact, teamwork Esteem needs recognition, challenging tasks, status symbols and participation Self-actualization encourages creativity and innovation 2. Herzbergs two factor theory encompasses dual factor motivation-hygiene as it portrays two different factors. Hygiene factors: related to the context of the job Motivational factors: related to the content of the job Research in the 1950 Herzbergs two factor theory asked people to describe situations in which they found their job exceptionally good or bad. Research conclusion; Job satisfaction intrinsic factors. Builds high level of motivation and stimulates superior performance. Dissatisfaction extrinsic factors. Environmental as well as external factors to the job build a zero level of motivation if maintained. Herzbergs two factor theory research evidence also states that the theory fails to; Account for individual differences Link motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance Consider cultural and professional differences 3. Alderfers ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer and his theory collapses Maslows five categories into three categories: existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. ERG theory states that more than one need category may be activated at the same time. Existence needs the desire for physiological and material well-being Relatedness needs desire to satisfy interpersonal relationships Growth needs desire for continued personal growth and development The ERG theory research evidence is encouraging because it offers a more flexible approach to understanding human needs. The comparison of content theories is very interesting to analyze as it gives a more precise breakdown of theories put together. Figure 1 below is a depiction of all three theories put together. Herzberg Maslow Alderfer Higher order Intrinsic Needs Motivation Lower order Extrinsic Needs Motivation Process theories are focused on the cognitive process that influences behavior, i.e. Why an individual behaves in a particular manner and specifically deals with ‘how to motivate. This process illustrates how people choose behaviors to satisfy their needs. Victor Vrooms expectancy theory states that a persons motivation is a multiplicative function of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is the probability assigned by an individual that work effort will be followed by a given level of task accomplishment. -Instrumentality is the probability assigned by an individual that a given level of achieved task performance will lead to various work outcomes. -Valence is defined as the value attached by an individual to various work outcomes. Vrooms expectancy theory has various implications as regards motivation. -Motivation is sharply reduced when expectancy, instrumentality or valence approach zero. -Motivation is high when expectancy and instrumentality are high and valence is strongly positive. The expectancy theory has been seen to have managerial implications where as managers should be seen to act to maximize expectancies, instrumentalities and valence that support various organizational objectives. Research evidence on the expectancy theory has received substantial empirical support though the multiplier effect is subject to some question. It may also be useful to distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. The expectancy theory does not specify which rewards will motivate particular groups of employees thereby allowing for cross-cultural differences. Lastly, the Porter Lawler model tries to establish a relationship between the efforts, performance and satisfaction of an individual. The most important variables in this model include effort, performance, rewards and satisfaction. In todays digital age, a large number of employees are well educated to some acceptable standard and for that most demand a reasonable salary as well as worthwhile working conditions. As motivation has conformed to some socially acceptable standards of behavior, it has been assumed to be an individual perspective. Every individual is unique because we have different desires, potential, values, goals and attitudes. The most important aspect that most employees are concerned with is their needs and wants. Todays managers have a challenge or the opportunity to influence the motivation of their employees through the design of their performance charters. Well outlined performance charters help accomplish two important goals: getting the necessary work done in a timely and competent manner, motivating and challenging employees. Both the organization as well as the employee is a beneficiary of a successfully done performance charter. Performance charter is the specification of the contents, methods and the counter relationship of jobs to fulfill organizational requirements. Mostly, employees are motivated when they are lead to accomplishments of which they can proud whilst recognizing what they have done. Warren Blank (2001) states that, â€Å"a motivational environment enables people to feel like winners†. Todays performing managers have the responsibility of designing employee performance charters. If a manager ignores this responsibility, employees will definitely design their own. It wouldnt be a surprise to see that performance charters designed by employees are more likely to be adjusted to their experiences and preferences than to the goals of the organization. It has been said once before that you cannot motivate anyone but you can provide the environment in which they can grow to their full potential. Management by objectives (MBO), â€Å"is a style or system of management that attempts to relate organizational goals to individual performance and development through the involvement of all levels of management†, encompasses time period with feedback as well as goal progression. According to Laurrie J. Mullins, the phrase ‘Management by Objectives (MBO) was first introduced by Peter Drucker in 1954 as a strategy for managing people whilst focusing on teamwork based on their ability to complete individual as well as team goals. MBOs have been seen to be effective as it helps in the alignment of an employees efforts around an organizations collective objectives. The MBO process begins with an organization defining its objectives. This is where the process of strategic planning, goal setting, visioning which generates from its process a set of objectives that the organization should always strive to achieve. The main principal underlining Management by Objectives is mainly to create empowered employees who will have clarity of the roles and responsibility expected from them, and once the objectives set are understood, it helps in the achievement of personal as well as organizational goals. Some advantages of MBO include specifically ‘clarity of goals. With clarity of goals, came the birth of SMART goals concept which Intel Specific various key factors should be present in the set objectives for them to be effective. This is where the word ‘specific is outlined because this simply describes specifically the desired results. Measurable This simply states that the objectives should be clear as to whether the objectives were met. Achievable when objectives are set, it should be seen that they are achievable. Realistic Realistic objectives in its own right is explained as goals or objectives that can be achieved coupled with the tools at an employees disposal to achieve the said objectives. Time based time based simply means a set objective has a time frame attached to it which acts as a guideline. SMART objectives ensure the delivery of greater results because they clearly and specifically address performance goals rather than broad emotions or behaviors. This concept also requires that objectives are created in collaboration with supervisors so as to be aware of their subordinates goals and supportive of their completion as well as ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to reach desired objectives. As noted in Robbins and judge, â€Å"MBO popularity should not be construed to mean that it always works†. This is normally as a result of lack of commitment by management as well as the inability in allocation of rewards based on accomplished objectives. Management by Objectives therefore, can be as a process of determining exactly what an employee is to do on the job, the tasks, duties, responsibilities, decision-making and the level of authority. The challenge being faced by managers now is that of employing the new strategies with all its opportunities in ways which not only meet an organizations needs but also the expectations as well as aspirations of the employees. Dennys Restaurant review Leadership Qualities â€Å"If you can become the leader you ought to be on the inside, you will be able to become the person you want on the outside. People will want to follow you, and when that happens you will be able to tackle anything in this world.† John Maxwell We at Dennys are constantly striving to identify quality minority and women businesses to support the needs of our company. Because we see diversity as an asset, we will attract and develop talent from the full range of the worlds rich cultural base. Dennys Vision mission. Despite having a clearly stated vision and mission, its management failed to publicly communicate the causes of the discrimination incidences they were amassed with as well as the actions Dennys management was taking to counter check the reoccurrence of those incidents. A leader is said to be an individual with suitable knowledge and desirable skills to lead groups to achieve their goals willingly. It is noted in Lasting Leadership that, â€Å"the spirit of the people† is a big part of what management experts mean when they talk about corporate culture. The beliefs and values that guide employee behavior can improve performance by motivating workers toward a common goal and instilling in them a sense of purpose. There are several indicators, which can help us to outline the strength of our leadership. The most important leadership quality that one needs to exhibit in todays world is ‘honesty. A leader should always be honest to his task, his products or services, his people and most importantly to his customers. This quality of leadership should not only exist but also should be seen to exist in by all stakeholders in the organization. John C. Maxwell in an extract of his book by George Wells states that, â€Å"while leaders need to connect publicly with large groups of people, the same thing needs to happen on a one-to-one basis between individuals. Maxwell tells how his staff used to groan when he would say People dont care how much you know until they know how much you care because he quoted the saying so often, but it is true. You develop credibility with people when you connect with them and show that you genuinely want to help them. Everybody wants to be somebody† If you treat every person you meet as if he or she were the most important person in the world, youll communicate that he or she is somebody to you. Of course, the respect needs to be genuine at all times otherwise people will rapidly sense that they are being manipulated otherwise. Dennys Restaurant management should have been able to realize that customer complaints are company failures and these require immediate attention. Ultimately, spending money in hopes of making money is an organizations goal but every dollar paid out to offset various customers who were dissatisfied is a signal that an organization must change in some decisive way. The Vidsoft Triangle Every little thing we do has positive, negative or neutral impact on teams motivation. Vidsoft case is one among the few companies that come across case of team based management problems that are faced by employees. Analysis of Vidsoft Vidsoft technologies was an internet company designing enterprise software and in June 1999, its quarterly revenues grew from $50M to over $250M year ending 2000 while employee base rose from 500 to 2,000. Babatunde graduated from Darden graduate of business administration in may 1998. He moved to California to get a job with Vidsoft technologies as senior technical support engineer. Alex Hsu was employed as technical support engineer and reported directly to babatunde. Even though Hsu was not good at team work, he was hired to bring varied culture as well as experience to vidsoft due to his previous record Babatunde made a public decision of promoting one of his engineers to be manager. Hsu reported some displeasure about his new supervisor Jennah Li as she was deemed to be an inexperienced manager and babatunde was unsure of what decision to make as he was the overall among the two despite having fears about taking sides. Keith Nash as CEO of vidsoft developed a culture that encourages its employees to speak their minds as excellence of employees was followed with promotions. Vidsoft as an organization encouraged teamwork and thus were awarded bonuses for collectively working together. Keith Nash believed in the culture of promoting from within as a motivational tool for employees until after vidsoft went public because this brought a mass influx of talent as well as wages became high. Vidsoft ended up falling back on its employees in terms of hiring due to costs so as to train them to keep up with the pace. Babatunde initially employed a micro-management style of management where he kept a close eye on all his employees in hopes that his team succeeds but this had to change as employee numbers rose. He then changed his style of management by using set objectives for each team to achieve desired goals. As babatundes responsibilities grew, he saw it necessary to change his reporting structure to reduce the number of people reporting to him so to manage more effectively. This led to him promoting one of his engineers ‘Jennah Li to manage one of the product lines. Jennah Li in regards to Hsu was hired for her skills in managing customer relations despite English not being her strength; she was awarded for being the best team player. In vidsofts operational history, White was one of the first employers to run the technical support department and set stringent goals to be met by his fellow employees. He took an active role in ensuring that any team under his command did well to meet his standards. James White made a decision to hire babatunde because of his MBA training and trusted him to an extent of giving him all powers to make various decisions affecting the organization with his guidance. THE SOLUTION Babatunde at this point should be able to realize that workplace conflicts and unresolved differences can be the cause of negative performance of teams or generally employees. Furthermore, existing physical and psychological differences can escalate if conflict remains unaddressed by vidsoft managers as well as team members. From the onset, babatunde was aware that Hsu was not a team player and this should have been a starting point of making things clear to him that for him to succeed, he had to work in collaboration with other team members. It was observed that being a team player for Hsu as observed is a road he hasnt travelled and requires some skill and effort from babatunde. Hsu should be made to realize that teamwork is about assuming positive intent and seeing things from all sides in detail. Everyone has unique gifts and abilities. Recognizing these and appreciating them can be very useful especially in the case of two people with different skills because they can complement each other very powerfully when they work together. Its about acknowledging and accepting differences, and exploring alternative solutions that meet everyones needs and concerns as it is important to everyone, and all sides ‘Hsu and Ali need to be committed to the solution. Both parties should agree that the goal is to fix the problem not to assign blame, hurt, humiliate, or threaten the one another. Babatundes job now is to focus on the issue, present and future, and on solutions available. They should be made aware that the situation must change and identify consequences if it does not. Keith Nash as CEO of Vidsoft should make things clear from the onset of employment that individuals are different at times as regards to each others needs. Sometimes workplace issues are evaded or ignored completely but generally, this is not a useful long term solution as the workplace is never small enough to avoid someone completely. Some guidelines should be put in place to for conflict resolution. Every employee upon being taken under vidsoft should be made aware that; Conflict and grievances are present within the workplace Improved communication within the workplace will avoid conflicts Establish performance expectations and consequences if expectations are not met. Lastly Vidsoft should have a written resolution and agreement regarding behavior within the workplace which should be adhered by both the employer as well as the employee. Babatunde should provide the leadership that enables his teams to productively work together and as much as possible, work with employees individually and encourage them to address the conflict directly with each other.

Compare and Contrast Women in The Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour :: Yellow Wallpaper Story of an Hour

Compare and Contrast Women Characters in The Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour      Ã‚  Ã‚   Women have traditionally been known as the less dominant sex.   Through history women have fought for equal rights and freedom.   They have been stereotyped as being housewives, and bearers and nurturers of the children.   Only recently with the push of the Equal Rights Amendment have women had a strong hold on the workplace alongside men.   Many interesting characters in literature are conceived from the tension women have faced with men.   This tension is derived from men; society, in general; and within a woman herself.   Two interesting short stories, â€Å"The   Yellow Wall-paper and â€Å"The Story of an Hour, â€Å" focus on a woman’s plight near the turn of the 19th century.   This era is especially interesting because it is a time in modern society when women were still treated as second class citizens.   The two main characters in these stories show similarities, but they are also remarkably different in the ways they deal with their problems and life in general.   These two characters will be examined to note the commonalities and differences.   Although the two characters are similar in some ways, it will be shown that the woman in the â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a stronger character based on the two important criteria of rationality and freedom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the unnamed female protagonist is going through a rough time in her life.   (For now on, this paper will refer to this unnamed character as the â€Å"the narrator in ‘Wall-paper,’† short for â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper.   The narrator is confined to room to a room with strange wall-paper.   This odd wall-paper seems to symbolize the complexity and confusion in her life.   In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard must also deal with conflict as she must deal with the death of her spouse.   At first there is grief, but then there is the recognition that she will be free.   The institute of marriage ties the two heroines of these two short stories together.   Like typical young women of the late 19th century, they were married, and during the course of their lives, they were expected to stay married.   U nlike today where divorce is commonplace, marriage was a very holy bond and divorce was taboo.   This tight bond of marriage caused tension in these two characters.

Human right issues Essay

India’s earliest settlements are believed to have developed in the culture hearths of the Indus Valley around 2600 B.C.E. and in the Ganges Valley around 1500 B.C.E. These societies were mainly composed of ethnic Dravidians who had an economy based on commerce and agricultural trade. Aryan tribes are believed to have then invaded the area after they migrated into the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. It is thought that they introduced the caste system which is still common in many parts of India today. During the 4th century B.C.E, Alexander the Greatintroduced Greek practices into the region when he expanded across Central Asia. During the 3rd century B.C.E, the Mauryan Empire came into power in India and was most successful under its emperor, Ashoka. Throughout subsequent periods Arab, Turkish and Mongol peoples entered India and in 1526, a Mongol Empire was established there, which later expanded throughout most of northern India. During this time, such landmarks as the Taj Mahal were also constructed. Much of India’s history after the 1500s was then dominated by British influences. The first British colony was in 1619 with English East India Company at Surat. Shortly thereafter, permanent trading stations opened in present-day Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata. British influence then continued to expand from these initial trading stations and by the 1850s, most of India and other countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh were controlled by Britain. By the late 1800s, India began working toward independence from Britain but it did not come until the 1940s however when Indian citizens began to unite and British Labor Prime Minister Clement Attlee began to push for India’s independence. On August 15, 1947, India officially became a dominion within the Commonwealth and Jawaharlal Nehru was named India’s Prime Minister. India’s first constitution was written shortly thereafter on January 26, 1950 and at that time, it officially became a member of the British Commonwealth. Since gaining its independence, India has undergone significant growth in terms of its population and economy however, there were periods of instability in the country and much of its population today lives extreme poverty. Government of India Today India’s government is a federal republic with two legislative bodies. The legislative bodies consist of the Council of States, also called Rajya Sabha, and the People’s Assembly, which is called the Lok Sabha. India’s executive branch has a chief of state and a head of government. There are also 28 states and seven union territories in India. Economics Land Use in India India’s economy today is a varied mix of small village farming, modern large scale agriculture as well as modern industries. The service sector is also an incredibly large part of India’s economy as many foreign companies such places as call centers located in the country. In addition to the service sector, India’s largest industries are textiles, food processing, steel, cement, mining equipment, petroleum, chemicals and computer software. India’s agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea, sugarcane, dairy products and livestock. Geography and Climate of India The geography of India is diverse and can be divided into three main regions. The first is the rugged, mountainous Himalayan region in the northern part of the country, while the second is called the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is in this region that most of India’s large-scale agriculture takes place. The third geographic region in India is the plateau region in the southern and  central portions of the country. India also has three major river systems which have large deltas that take over a large portion of the land. These are the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. India’s climate is also varied but is tropical in the south and mainly temperate in the north. The country also has a pronounced monsoon season from June to September in it southern portion. More Facts about India †¢ India’s people are 80% Hindu, 13% Muslim and 2% Christian. These divisions have historically caused tensions between different religious groups. †¢ Hindi and English are India’s official languages, but there are also 17 regional languages that are considered official. †¢ India has several cities that have undergone place name changes such as Bombay being renamed Mumbai. These changes were mainly done in an effort to return the city names to local dialects, as opposed to British translations.

Commonly Confused Words Consequently and Subsequently

The words  consequently and subsequently both convey the sense of afterward or occurring later — but not in exactly the same way. Definitions Consequently is a conjunctive adverb that means accordingly, therefore, or as a result: Chris  failed the course and consequently  was ineligible to graduate. The adverb  subsequently means then, later, or next (following in time, order, or place): Lori graduated from college and subsequently moved to Springfield. Examples [W]hen someone has the same accent, loves the same indie brand, or also says y’all instead of you, we feel an affinity or bond. Consequently, when we imitate someone, or behave similarly, that person starts to infer that we have things in common or are part of the same tribe.(Jonah Berger, Why It Pays to Be a Copycat. Time, June 22, 2016)[I]ndividuals start to learn about leadership at a very early age—from the way in which their parents interact with them, the expectations their parents hold for them, and the rules that they establish for them.  Subsequently they  learn about leadership from other adult models, including family members, sports coaches, teachers, and TV characters.(Julian Barling,  The Science of Leadership. Oxford University Press, 2014)Staff members develop their own skills, learn to change organizational policies, and subsequently gain a sense of mastery over their own work environment. Consequently, staff members become better motivated, and p roductivity increases.(Donna Hardina et al.,  An Empowering Approach to Managing Social Service Organizations.  Springer, 2007)The use of substances such as caffeine, amphetamines, and sedatives does not customarily involve such a high level of ingestion that physical changes are produced. Other substances, including heroin and alcohol, to a lesser extent, can be used in large enough doses to produce the physical changes and, consequently, may subsequently represent a greater physical risk to the body.(John Walsh, Habituation. Encyclopedia of Obesity, ed. by Kathleen Keller. SAGE, 2008) Usage Notes Using the four-syllable word [subsequently] in place of the two-syllable word [later] is rarely, if ever, a good stylistic choice(Bryan Garner, Garners Modern English  Usage, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2016)Consequent and ConsequentialThese adjectives share some common ground in referring to that which follows as a result of something else, as in ...a statement explaining the overbooking policy and the consequent risk to reservation. The consequential shock almost paralysed him.Consequential in this sense is often a legal term, in BNC examples such as indirect or consequential damages, and the consequential costs or losses mentioned in accounting. But it also means important, weighty, in a consequential congressional leader or a country more consequential than Granada, among various examples from CCAE. With its extra syllable, consequential thus seems to have official or portentous overtones. The briefer consequent has a wider variety of uses in economic, scientific and socia l analysis.(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Practice (a) Atanasoff was put in charge of the project. The detonation was to take place in mid-April 1947. Atanasoff had eight weeks to prepare. He _____ learned through the grapevine that several other scientists had been approached to oversee the project and had refused, thinking that the lead time was too short.(Jane Smiley, The Man Who Invented the Computer. Doubleday, 2010) (b) If a course is taught at too low a level, students are unlikely to feel challenged and, _____, theyre unlikely to feel highly motivated to learn.(Franklin H. Silverman,  Teaching for Tenure and Beyond. Greenwood, 2001) Answers to Practice Exercises:  Consequently and Subsequently (a) Atanasoff was put in charge of the project. The detonation was to take place in mid-April 1947.  Atanasoff  had eight weeks to prepare. He  subsequently  learned through the grapevine that several other scientists had been approached to oversee the project and had refused, thinking that the lead time was too short.(Jane Smiley,  The Man Who Invented the Computer, 2010) (b) If a course is taught at too low a level, students are unlikely to feel challenged and,  consequently, theyre unlikely to feel highly motivated to learn.(Franklin Silverman,  Teaching for Tenure and Beyond, 2001) Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words